<p>The Rome Arsenal was a 3 acre fortification complex near Rome, New York. It was built in 1814, and used until 1873.</p><br>
<p>Rome Arsenal included barracks, arsenal, magazine, workshops, and other buildings, built to support American forces waging the War of 1812. Major James Dalleba of Ordnance Department of United States Army supervised construction.</p><br>
<p>Arsenal House, also known as Commandant&#39;s House, is a historic home located at Rome in Oneida County, New York. It is a -story, brick structure on a stone foundation, 30 by, in the Federal style. At a later date, 1-story wings were added plus front and rear porches. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Gen. John G. Weaver House is a historic home located at Utica in Oneida County, New York. It was built about 1815 and is a massive 2-story, brick, hip roofed double pile building in the Federal style. It is composed of a 2-story, five-by-four-bay rectangular main block, with a 2-story, gable-roofed rear wing. It is believed that the home was designed by Philip Hooker or someone strongly influenced by his work.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Fountain Elms is a historic home located at Utica in Oneida County, New York. It is part of the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute. The original block was completed in 1852 in the "Italian Style". It is basically a cube with a center hall plan. The original rear wing was remodeled in 1883 and a third two-story wing added. An additional wing and piazza were added in 1908, resulting in the current irregular plan.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Fountain Elms, located on Genesee Street in Utica, NY, was built in</p><br>
<p>1850 by Helen Elizabeth Munson Williams (1824-1894) and James Watson Williams (1810-1873)</p><br>
<p>in collaboration with architect William Woollett of Albany, NY.</p><br>
<p>Fountain Elms was also the home where Helen and James Williams raised their three</p><br>
<p>daughters Grace (1847-1854), Rachel (1850-1915), and Maria (1853-1935)</p><br>
<h2>Family</h2><br>
<p>In 1823 Alfred Munson (1793-1854) moved to Utica, NY. He obtained his fortune in the Northeastern United States through investments in industrial businesses which included coal mining, manufacturing, canal development, and railroad and steamboat transportation.</p><br>
<p>Helen Elizabeth Munson Williams, Alfreds daughter, was a Utica, NY native who in 1846 married local lawyer James Watson Williams. James became heavily involved in his father-in-laws business negotiations, and even became a lobbyist in the New York State Legislature on Alfreds behalf. Helen was well regarded for her philanthropic efforts in the Central New York region, as well as for her abundant 19th century fine art collections. She was known as a savvy investor who, through strategic decisions, increased her inheritance ten-fold. Using her acquired money, she went on to purchase more pieces of fine art and decorations adding to what would become the center of the familys art compilation. Helen was also civic-minded and provided money to help fund such projects as the renovation of the Grace Episcopal Church. After the death of Helen Munson Williams in 1894, her two surviving daughters Rachel and Maria continued with her philanthropic efforts in the Oneida county region of New York State.</p><br>
<p>On April 9, 1891, at the age of 38, Maria Watson Williams married the prominent Thomas R. Proctor (1844-1920). Rachel Munson Williams at the age of 44 married Frederick Proctor (1856-1929)</p><br>
<p>in 1894. After Rachel and Fredericks marriage, they moved into Fountain Elms; during this time the pair continued to add to the buildings internal design by collecting multiple works of art and decorative furnishings.</p><br>
<p>In returning from England in 1912, Rachel expanded the Episcopal Sisterhood and the Sisters of Saint Margaret. Rachel and husband Frederick Proctor built and provided furnishings for St. Luke&#39;s home and hospital. Rachel and Maria are both credited with providing many contributions to Grace Church in Utica. Rachel and Maria did not provide heirs to the Munson Williams Proctor fortune.</p><br>
<h2>Fountain Elms</h2><br>
<p>After the death of James Watson Williams in 1876, Helen and her children began the task of modifying the Fountain Elms home. In 1936 shortly after the death of Maria the Munson Williams Proctor Arts Institute was opened by Frederick Proctor as the "Fountain Elms Building." It served as the museum&#39;s galleries for years until 1960 after the completion of a brand new gallery space designed by Philip Johnson. It was then decided that the Fountain Elms building would be restored to its original 1850s Victorian era style. The project received a large amount of national attention as it was one of the earliest of its kind in the United States. In August 2013 the building had sustained a large amount of water damage. In order to repair the damage, the Preservation League of New York State awarded $3,000 to the project.</p><br>
<h2>Current uses</h2><br>
<p>The museum has a wide array of permanent collections including European Modernism, Modern</p><br>
<p>and Contemporary Art, 19th Century American Paintings and Sculptures, and Thomas Cole&#39;s</p><br>
<p>“The Voyage of Life” ( “Fountain Elms Building.” ). General admission is free, but special exhibits may require a fee. The museum also houses workshops and art classes ( “Fountain Elms Building.” ). The Museum has events annually, including the Sidewalk Art show, Antique and Classic Car show, and the Invitational Craft show, which are free to the</p><br>
<p>public( “Fountain Elms Building.” ).</p><br>
<p>Byington Mill , also known as the J. A. Firsching & Son Building, is a historic knitting mill located at Utica in Oneida County, New York.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by Utica architect Frederick H. Gouge and was built in 1910 as a four-story structure; a fifth floor was added before 1929. It consists of a rectangular main block built of brick load bearing walls, a heavy timber frame, and a flat roof. A two-story office wing and one story shop section was originally attached to the building. However, this addition was demolished in 2007 when the city erroneously issued a permit to do so. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>The city of Utica repossessed the building in 1983 and sold it to the Cobblestone Construction Co. in 1999. Cobblestone struggled to attract tenants, and left the building in 2008. The building was purchased by Pezzolanella Construction in 2009 for $315,972, and they are presently restoring the structure.</p><br>
<p>Doyle Hardware Building is a historic factory building located at 330 Main St in Utica in Oneida County, New York. It was built in three sections between 1881 and 1901. The entire four story complex is approximately 100 feet by 260 feet with 82,000 square feet of space. It was a work of Utica architect Frederick H. Gouge.</p><br>
<p>Built originally as a clothing factory, in 1934 it became a factory for manufacture of spark plugs, and in 1947 became home to Utica Distributing Company, later Doyle Hardware.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>Redevelopment</h2><br>
<p>City officials and local business saw the building as important to the revitalization of the surrounding historic neighborhood, which includes Union Station, also on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The building was purchased in 2007 by a developer who planned to convert the building into a restaurant, commercial office space and loft apartments. A restaurant and bar opened in 2010 but closed in 2012 with no other development of the building occurring. The building went into foreclosure and the developer declared bankruptcy on Jan 31, 2013. The building was listed for sale in 2015.</p><br>
<p>Hurd & Fitzgerald Building, also known as the Hurd Sales Company, is a historic factory building located at Utica in Oneida County, New York. It was built in 1911 and is a five-story, rectangular brick building built for a shoe and rubber goods manufacturer.</p><br>
<p>It was a work of Utica architect Frederick H. Gouge.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Brick Store Building is a historic commercial building located at Bridgewater in Oneida County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1807, and consists of a two-story, gable-roofed, rectangular brick main block with a two-story, wood-framed rear wing in a vernacular Federal style. The entire building rests on a limestone foundation.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 26, 1996.</p><br>
<p>The Terminal Building is a high-rise office building located at 947 O Street in Lincoln, Nebraska, built in 1916.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Terminal Building is a ten-story high-rise reinforced concrete office building. The structure is covered by a white-glazed terracotta facade on its north and east sides while the remaining south and west sides are covered with a brick facade.</p><br>
<p>Due to the building&#39;s flat roof, straight front and sides, lack of ornamentation and numerous, large windows, it can be considered an example of the Chicago School or Commercial Style of architecture. For this reason, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 29, 1986.</p><br>
<p>Most of the interior of the building has been updated, renovated, or otherwise changed except for first floor lobby area. The lobby features various types of marble in its flooring, pilasters, and wainscoting with plaster moldings, capitals, walls, and ceiling beams. Some original mahogany storefronts remain along with large French doors with "T" monograms. At the foot of the stairs leading to the second floor is a bronze plaque memorializing the building crew, architects, and Lincoln Traction Company officers and directors.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Terminal Building was designed by Chicago architect Paul V. Hyland in 1915. Hyland also designed three other historic buildings in Lincoln, the First National Bank building, the McAffee House, and the Frank H. Woods House. However, it may be the case that the building was actually designed by Joseph G. McArthur, an architect in Hyland&#39;s Lincoln office.</p><br>
<p>The building was built to serve as offices for the Lincoln Traction Company, a reorganized iteration of the Lincoln Street Railway Company which was founded in 1881. Lincoln Traction Company, which was owned by out-of-state investors, was the largest streetcar company in Lincoln and faced public scorn due to tax disputes and fare increases. In 1905, locals who were frustrated by the actions of Lincoln Traction Company founded Citizens Railway to create competition. Citizens Railway&#39;s bargaining tactics paid off. When the two companies merged in 1909, the board of directors was dominated by Lincoln locals and former directors of Citizens Railway.</p><br>
<p>The newly-merged companies now controlled virtually all of Lincoln&#39;s streetcars. Throughout the early twentieth century, the company expanded, serving over 12,000,000 passengers a year. By the time the company began building its new office at the Terminal Building site, the company had its own electricity plant and produced enough to sell steam heat and electricity to customers.</p><br>
<p>The Terminal Building functioned as both an office space for the employees of the company and also as the terminal for the company&#39;s various streetcar lines. The lobby housed ticket counters and an electrical appliance store for passengers to peruse while waiting for their train.</p><br>
<p>The First World War, labor strikes, and the advent of buses slowly ate away at the profits of Lincoln Traction Company. By 1926, a holding company purchased Lincoln Traction Company to operate its electricity plant. By 1931, the company operated only three streetcar lines. In 1942, the bus line National City Lines purchased Lincoln Traction Company and discontinued the company name. The last streetcars operated in Lincoln in 1943.</p><br>
<p>The Terminal Building is one of the last remnants of the Lincoln Traction Company and of Lincoln&#39;s streetcar systems as most of the tracks were torn up during the Great Depression as Works Progress Administration projects.</p><br>
<h3>Fire</h3><br>
<p>In the early morning hours of February 19, 2018 firefighters responded to a three-alarm fire in the building. The fire was contained to the northwest corner of the eighth floor of the building, but smoke damage penetrated floors nine and ten while the water damage from the efforts to extinguish the fire damaged floors six and seven below. The first floor of the building, which is the most historically significant, remained largely unaffected.</p><br>
<p>The Detroit Financial District is a United States historic district in downtown Detroit, Michigan. The district was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places on December 14, 2009, and was announced as the featured listing in the National Park Service&#39;s weekly list of December 24, 2009.</p><br>
<p>It includes 33 buildings, two sites, and one other object that are deemed to be contributing to the historic character of the district, and also three non-contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>The American Institute of Architects describes Detroits Financial District as "one of the citys highest concentrations of quality commercial architecture". According to the National Park Service:</p><br>
<p>From the 1850s to the 1970s the Financial District in downtown Detroit was the financial and office heart of the city, and it stills retains an important banking and office presence today. Banks began to locate along Jefferson Avenue in the Griswold and Shelby streets area in the 1830s. Substantial office buildings, often containing banks in their street levels, began to line Griswold in the 1850s. Detroit&#39;s massive early twentieth-century auto industry-related growth and economic boom resulted in large-scale redevelopment of the area between 1900 and 1930, and another wave of development took place in the 1950s and early 1960s. The Financial District continues today to be an important financial and office district in Detroit.</p><br>
<p>In the new millennium, the 47-story Penobscot Building stands at the center of the district as a state of the art class-A office tower and serves as a hub for the city&#39;s wireless Internet zone and fiber-optic communication network. Other major class-A office renovations include the Chrysler House and the Guardian Building, a National Historic Landmark. The Financial District is served by the Detroit People Mover and QLine light rail. Viewed from the International Riverfront, the district is bordered on the left by the 150 West Jefferson skyscraper which replaced the Detroit Stock Exchange Building and on the right by the One Woodward Avenue skyscraper.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Old Detroit: Before 1830</h3><br>
<p>What is now the Detroit Financial District was the site of the construction of the first building in Detroit, Ste. Annes Catholic Church, constructed in 1701 by Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac. Ste. Annes stood at the southern edge of the district, just west of the corner of Jefferson Avenue and Griswold Streets, where the Standard Savings & Loan Building is today.</p><br>
<p>In 1778, the British military commander decided that Fort Detroit was too difficult to defend, and construction on a second fort to the north began. This fort, known as Fort Lernoult (later Fort Shelby), was centered in the northern section of what is now the Detroit Financial District, covering the area between Fort Street and Lafayette Street, and from Griswold street west to Washington Avenue. The southern stockade was extended from the river to the new fort, enclosing nearly all the Financial District.</p><br>
<p>However, the land north of what now is Larned Street was low and marshy, and most buildings were located south of that line. In 1805, a devastating fire swept through the village of Detroit, destroying all but one structure. After the fire, Detroit was replatted, establishing the main avenues of Jefferson and Woodward. Some residents were awarded lots south of Fort Shelby and north of Jefferson in what is now financial district, and built homes there.</p><br>
<p>Fort Shelby was manned by the British until 1813, when it was abandoned and taken over by American forces. However, Fort Shelby had been deteriorating, and in 1824, the federal government ceded the southern section of the grounds to the city. In 1826, troops left the fort, and the remainder of the fort and grounds were given to the city; the next year Fort Shelby was demolished and streets platted in the pattern that remains today. In addition, the marshy section north of Larned was drained by rerouting and deepening the River Savoyard.</p><br>
<h3>Early settlement: 1830 to 1860</h3><br>
<p>Beginning in the 1830s, the financial institutions of Detroit began to locate along West Jefferson, on the southern edge of what is now the Financial District, while the remainder of the district developed into a primarily residential area as the streets in the area were slowly opened and graded. The first bank located along west Jefferson was the Bank of Michigan, which built its headquarters on the south side of Jefferson near Woodward in 1831, and five years later built another structure at Jefferson and Griswold (just south of the area that is now the Financial District). The 1830s and 40s brought more banks along Jefferson near Griswold, including the Farmers and Mechanics Bank (1832), National Insurance Bank (1838), Michigan State Bank (1837), the Bank of St. Clair (1842), and the Peninsular Bank (1849).</p><br>
<p>Other commercial establishments, including the offices of the Detroit Free Press, occupied the area along Jefferson near Griswold and the lots immediately north thereof. By the 1850s, commercial and banking interests had pushed northward to line the first few blocks of Griswold. In 1858, a Federal Building was constructed on the corner of Griswold and Larned, spurring the construction of substantial office buildings in the surrounding area along Griswold.</p><br>
<h3>Rise of commercialism: 1860 to 1900</h3><br>
<p>Many of the office buildings constructed near the 1858 Federal Building housed at least one bank on the first floor, and by 1884, historian Silas Farmer called Griswold "the Wall Street of Detroit". In 1899, 22 of the 23 banks in Detroit were located in what is now the Financial District—20 of them on Griswold alone.</p><br>
<p>Commercial and banking buildings spread north and west from the Griswold area. Fort Street east of Shelby had turned commercial by the 1870s; the section of Fort Street west of Shelby remained residential until the 1890s when a new Federal Building was constructed in the area.</p><br>
<h3>Modern Detroit: After 1900</h3><br>
<p>The Financial District underwent a dramatic transformation at the beginning of the twentieth century, heralded by the arrival of Detroit&#39;s first skyscraper, the Hammond Building in 1889; Chase Tower now stands on this site. In 1905, the thirteen-story original Penobscot Building was constructed on Fort Street, followed by the nearby eighteen-story Ford Building in 1907 and the 23-story Dime Building in 1913. The Penobscot stands at the center of the Detroit Financial District.</p><br>
<p>The Great Depression halted the construction of buildings in the Financial District, and substantial new construction wasn&#39;t undertaken again until the late 1940s with the construction of the annex to the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Detroit Branch Building. This was followed in 1959 by a new National Bank of Detroit Building, and in the early 1960s by the Michigan Consolidated Gas Company Building and the Detroit Bank and Trust Tower.</p><br>
<h2>Financial District</h2><br>
<p>There are 36 buildings within the Financial District, 33 of which are contributing properties. The buildings within the district were designed by a suite of notable architects and architectural firms, including D. H. Burnham & Company; Donaldson and Meier; Albert Kahn Associates; McKim, Mead, and White; Smith, Hinchman, and Grylls (and Wirt C. Rowland); and Minoru Yamasaki. The Financial District is flanked by other skyscrapers in Downtown Detroit, including One Detroit Center and the Renaissance Center skyscrapers.</p><br>
<p>Four of the contributing properties in this district were previously individually listed on the National Register. These include the Union Trust (or Guardian) Building, an Art Deco–style building and a USA National Historic Landmark, the State Savings Bank Building, the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Detroit Branch Building, and the Vinton Building. Other significant properties in the district include the 1927 Greater Penobscot Building, tallest in the district at 47 stories, the 1959 International Style National Bank of Detroit Building, the 1920 First National Building, the 1925 Buhl Building, the 1909 Ford Building, the 1912 Chrysler House, and the 1925 Detroit Free Press Building.</p><br>
<p>Eighteen of these buildings initially housed banks or financial institutions; many of the remainder were used for office space.</p><br>
<p>The buildings below are listed in rough geographic order beginning from the southeast corner of the district (the intersection of Woodward and Jefferson) and proceeding northwest.</p><br>
<h3>One Woodward Avenue (1962)</h3><br>
<p>The One Woodward Avenue Building (Michigan Consolidated Gas Company Building) is a 32-story, flat-roofed skyscraper with a steel frame. It was built in 1960–62, and designed by Minoru Yamasaki and Smith, Hinchman, and Grylls; the building was apparently a model for Yamasaki&#39;s later work of the World Trade Center in New York. The building rests on a platform, approached via entrance staircases, with a reflecting pool and tall glass-enclosed lobby emphasizing the airy lightness. White concrete panels hold the hexagonal windows in place. The three-story glass panels were the tallest ever installed at the time.</p><br>
<p>The bronze ballerina in front of the building is by Giacomo Manzù.</p><br>
<h3>Standard Savings & Loan Building (One Griswold) (1927)</h3><br>
<p>The Standard Savings & Loan Building is an -story, flat-roofed office building with a steel frame sheathed in limestone.</p><br>
<p>The building constructed for Standard Savings has twelve bays on the Jefferson facade and five along Griswold. The Griswold entrance of the building is flanked by black granite columns and features an original decorative metal gate. Signage from Raymond James brokerage, a later tenant, is still on the roof.</p><br>
<p>Standard Savings & Loan survived through the Great Depression and into the postwar years. In the 1950s it applied for a federal charter, and in 1985 changed from a savings and loan to banking operations, becoming Standard Federal Bank. The company was eventually acquired by ABN AMRO.</p><br>
<h3>Detroit Federal Savings and Loan Association Building (501 Woodward) (1971)</h3><br>
<p>The Detroit Federal Savings and Loan Association Building is a four-story glass-and-steel bank building designed in 1971 by Ted Rogvoy Associates. The building is set back from Woodward the same distance as the Chase Tower Detroit (National Bank of Detroit Building) just to the north. Because of its age, this building is a non-contributing property.</p><br>
<h3>Guardian Building (500 Griswold) (1929)</h3><br>
<p>The Guardian Building is a forty-story office building, built in 1927–1929 by architect Wirt C. Rowland for the Union Trust Company. Union Trust developed a reputation for catering to common laborers, and attracted numerous customers by offering mortgages and land contracts. By 1928, Union Trust had assets of $52 million, and merged with the similarly sized National Bank of Commerce, with the new company called the Guardian Detroit Union Group.</p><br>
<p>The new company was larger than the facilities of either bank, so a new building was called for. The bank hired the architectural firm of Smith Hinchman and Grylls and their young architect Wirt C. Rowland. Rowland designed an exotic building blending Art Deco, Mayan, and Native American elements. The base of the steel-framed building is sheathed in red granite, and second and third stories are covered with yellow stone. The remainder of the building is sheathed with a custom-made dark orange brick. Terra cotta and Pewabic tile provide accents to the exterior brick.</p><br>
<p>The entrance is sheltered under an arch covered with Pewabic tile; two figures by sculptor Corrado Parducci flank the door. On the interior, the lobby contains stained glass windows, and the vault is covered with brightly colored Rookwood tile, coordinated by Mary Chase Perry Stratton; the structure is modelled after Beauvais Cathedral. A mural map of Michigan dominates one end of the lobby.</p><br>
<p>As the building was under construction, Union Group continued to acquire other financial holdings, and by the time the Guardian Building opened in 1929, the company had assets worth over $400 million, representing 40% of Detroit&#39;s banking industry. However, the Great Depression hit the bank hard; the Union Trust Company reconsolidated into the Union Guardian Trust in 1930, and failed in 1933. The bank went into receivership under the name New Union Building Corporation, which retained the building.</p><br>
<p>The Guardian Building was used during World War II by the US Army, and later both DTE Energy and General Electric were tenants. In 2007, the Wayne County government purchased the building.</p><br>
<h3>Vinton Building (600 Woodward) (1917)</h3><br>
<p>The Vinton Building is a twelve-story flat-roofed office building with steel frame clad in light gray brick with terra cotta details. The building was constructed in 1917, and designed by Albert Kahn for Robert K. Vinton of the Vinton Company, general contractors. The façades are in the Commercial Style, influenced by Arts and Crafts style. Twisted columns outline the edge of the façade&#39; the name of the building is prominently displayed at the parapet.</p><br>
<p>The Vinton Company initially used the upper floors of the building, and a bank inhabited the ground floor. In 1925 the Guaranty Trust Company bought the building. Guaranty folded in 1933.</p><br>
<h3>Detroit Tool Depot Building (608 Woodward) (1851)</h3><br>
<p>The Martin Limbach Hardware Building is a five-story, three-bay building. It was originally built in 1851 and renovated in 1877 for the Detroit Tool Depot. The facade is of brick, with stone lintels. Originally the building had three bays but they were demolished in 1917 for the Vinton Building. The first floor has been renovated for a deli.</p><br>
<h3>Traub Brothers Jewelry Building (612 Woodward) (1879)</h3><br>
<p>The Traub Brothers Jewelry Building is a four-story wood-frame brick building, built in 1879. Presumably the first floor was used as retail while the upper floors were used as residential space. The building was purchased by Grand Trunk Railroad early in the 20th century, and in 1911 it was renovated to serve as their ticketing office. Grand Trunk removed the second floor and installed a vaulted ceiling reminiscent of period railroad stations. The renovation added a rounded arch on the second floor, filled with paned windows and surrounded by terra cotta detailing with the company&#39;s logo. The finely detailed interior woodwork also includes company logos. Although the lower floors of the building were completely altered during this renovation, the upper two floors still retain the original window shapes.</p><br>
<p>The building currently houses Foran&#39;s Grand Trunk Pub, and the first floor has recently been restored.</p><br>
<h3>616 Woodward (1880)</h3><br>
<p>The building at 616 Woodward Avenue is a three-story wood-framed pitched-roof brick building, originally built by the W. G. Vinton Company in 1880. The first-floor storefront has been substantially renovated, but the upper stories still have original stone lintels and sills.</p><br>
<h3>Mabley and Company Building (620 Woodward) (1876)</h3><br>
<p>The Mabley and Company Building at 620 Woodward consists of two four-story wood-frame buildings, now combined into one. The buildings were constructed in 1876-80 for Mabley & Company, a department store owned by mercantilist C. R. Mabley. Mabley had started business in this Woodward location in 1870, and by 1876 his company was one of the largest in Michigan. Mabley purchased several adjoining lots and there built a series of buildings along both sides of Woodward to house his department store. Mabley died in 1885 and the business began to languish, although Mabley stores remained in Detroit until 1929.</p><br>
<p>Much of the detailing on these buildings, including roof line ornamentation, and window trim, is now missing, possibly due to major alterations in 1918. The first-floor storefronts have been renovated.</p><br>
<h3>Mabley and Company Building (630 Woodward) (1876)</h3><br>
<p>The Mabley and Company Building at 630 Woodward consists of three four-story wood-frame buildings, now combined into one. Like the buildings at 620 Woodward, these were originally part of the Mabley & Company department store. Contemporaneous histories label the five buildings at 620 and 630 Woodward as the "clothing, hat, cap, and furnishing stores of Mabley & Company."</p><br>
<p>Like the buildings at 620 Woodward, the first-floor storefronts have been renovated and external decoration has been removed.</p><br>
<h3>First National Building (660 Woodward) (1922)</h3><br>
<p>The First National Building is a 24-story steel-framed flat-roofed building faced with limestone. The building was designed by Albert Kahn and constructed in 1920–22. The First National Bank was established in 1863; a year later the Second National Bank was founded. The two institutions merged in 1914, calling themselves the "First and Old Detroit National Bank". The bank occupied a large part of the Ford Building until it moved into this building in 1922, when it shortened its name to "First National Bank".</p><br>
<p>The building is an irregular shape, designed to fit its lot. The facades facing Woodward and Cadillac Square are sheathed in grey granite at the street level and limestone above; The first floor of the building houses retail space, while the upper floors were designed as commercial offices.</p><br>
<h3>The Qube (611 Woodward) (1959)</h3><br>
<p>The Qube (originally the National Bank of Detroit Building) is a flat-roofed fourteen-story building built in 1959 and fully remodeled in 2011. Albert Kahn Associates designed the building for the National Bank of Detroit.</p><br>
<p>The National Bank of Detroit was founded in 1933 by General Motors to provide banking services in the midst of the Great Depression. Its first offices were in the First National Bank Building. GM divested itself by 1945, but the bank still had a reputation as a conservative bank primarily servicing industry. The bank began expanding its reach in the 1950s, merging with suburban banks, and in 1959 moved its headquarters across the street into this building.</p><br>
<p>The Qube has a wall pattern of white marble alternating with square windows outlined with brown aluminum.</p><br>
<p>In 1995, the National Bank of Detroit merged with First Chicago Corp to form First Chicago NBD. Three years later, the new bank merged with Banc One Corp to become Bank One. Bank One became part of JPMorgan Chase in 2004. The Building was known as Chase Tower from 2006 to 2011.</p><br>
<h3>Detroit Foundation Hotel (Old Fire Department Headquarters) (250 W. Larned) (1929)</h3><br>
<p>The Detroit Fire Department Headquarters is a five-story Neoclassical building with a steel frame designed by Hans Gehrke and built in 1929. The building is constructed of dark red brick trimmed with terra cotta, sitting on a grey granite bulkhead. The Larned facade is divided into six bays; the four central bays contain arched openings, trimmed with terra cotta, housing fire engines. The eastern bay contains the entrance to the building. A terra cotta beltcourse separates the first story from those above; these upper stories still contain the original double-hung windows. The Washington Boulevard facade of much the same as the one on Larned.</p><br>
<p>The building site has been used by the Fire Department since 1840. The department moved from the building in the 2010s, and the building was converted into a boutique hotel, opening in 2017.</p><br>
<h3>234 W. Larned (1882)</h3><br>
<p>The building at 234 West Larned is a four-story commercial building faced with terra cotta and stone trim, constructed in 1882. The upper three floors are finished with reddish brick, and have three bays of windows with stone lintels separated by pier capitals. The first floor has been renovated with modern tile. From the 1930s through the 1980s, the ground floor building housed the Pontchartrain Wine Cellars where the sparkling wine Cold Duck is purported to have been created.</p><br>
<h3>Buhl Building (535 Griswold) (1925)</h3><br>
<p>The Buhl Building is a steel-framed, flat-roofed 26-story office building designed in 1925 by Wirt C. Rowland of Smith, Hinchman, and Grylls for the firm of Frederick and Christian H. Buhl. The Buhls had originally made money in manufacturing, founding the Detroit Locomotive Works and the Buhl Iron Works (later Detroit Copper and Brass). From there they branched into retail opening a hardware store, and property development.</p><br>
<p>One of Christian&#39;s grandsons, Arthur H. Buhl, was president of the buhl Land Company at the time this building was constructed in the 1920s. At the time, demand for office space in Detroit was soaring, and Buhl decided to replace the company&#39;s small office building on Griswold with a much larger building. He hired Wirt Roland, who designed a 26-story building where the four lower floors of the building had a rectangular footprint, while the upper floors were in the shape of a cross. The cruciform shape allowed the building to take advantage of natural light and ventilation, as well as providing a larger number of desirable corner offices. The exterior is sheathed in cream-colored terra cotta. Romanesque and Gothic details on the exterior were created by sculptor Corrado Parducci.</p><br>
<h3>Murphy Building (155 W. Congress) (1903)</h3><br>
<p>The Murphy Building was constructed in 1903 for businessman Simon J. Murphy, who intended the building to house small manufacturing enterprises; it was originally known as the "Murphy Power Building". Simon J. Murphy was a Maine lumberman who made his fortune in timber, oil, and mining. Murphy owned substantial property in downtown Detroit, and established the Murphy Power Company and built this structure shortly before his death in 1905. The original plan for the building was to rent space to manufacturers requiring power and/or steam heat. Murphy&#39;s companies also constructed a number of other buildings in the Financial district, including the original Penobscot building which was under construction at the time of Simon Murphy&#39;s death. His son William H. Murphy continued the construction of the Penobscot Building, and added two more buildings of the same name, as well as a second Murphy Power Building (now the Marquette Building) in 1906.</p><br>
<p>The Murphy Building is six stories tall, with a flat roof, and is constructed of brick and terra cotta. The front facade is divided into six bays by piers stretching from the second to fifth stories. Two entrances are in the front facade, one at center left and one in the righthand bay, which at one time was the entrance to a restaurant.</p><br>
<p>The original tenants of the building included shoe and cigar manufacturing firms. Later tenants were primarily printing and publishing concerns. The Murphy and the next-door Telegraph Building were both renovated, and now share a continuous floor plate and elevator core; the combined building is known as the "Murphy-Telegraph Building."</p><br>
<h3>Telegraph Building (542 Shelby) (1913)</h3><br>
<p>The Telegraph Building is a six-story, flat-roofed office building faced with white terra cotta, constructed in 1913. The street-level storefronts have been renovated with green cast panels and white marble. Above the storefronts, vertical piers frame the large windows that dominate the facade, arranged in four bays on the Congress facade and eight along Shelby. At the top, a frieze and simple cornice surmount the building.</p><br>
<p>The Telegraph Building originally housed the Detroit hub of Western Union. The Telegraph and the next-door Murphy Building have both been renovated, and now share a continuous floor plate and elevator core; the combined building is known as the "Murphy-Telegraph Building".</p><br>
<h3>Ford Building (615 Griswold) (1908)</h3><br>
<p>The Ford Building is a steel-framed, eighteen-story office building constructed in 1907–1908 by D. H. Burnham & Company for glass manufacturers Edward Ford and his son John B. Ford. The Fords had established the Edward Ford Plate Glass Company (later merging to become Libbey–Owens–Ford) near Toledo, Ohio in 1899, after disinvesting themselves of the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company founded by Edward&#39;s father, John Baptiste Ford. The Fords constructed this building in Detroit as an investment property after unsuccessfully attempting to negotiate property purchases in Toledo.</p><br>
<p>The lower two floors of the Ford Building has piers an Ionic columns flanking a central entry. The exterior is covered with terra cotta; bands run above and below the third floor and another band of terra cotta divides the sixteenth and seventeenth floors. The windows of the top floor are arched.</p><br>
<h3>Greater Penobscot Building (635 Griswold) (1928)</h3><br>
<p>The Greater Penobscot Building is a 47-story skyscraper with a steel frame encased in granite and terra cotta. The building was constructed in 1927-29 by Wirt C. Rowland of Smith, Hinchman, and Grylls for William H. Murphy and the Simon J. Murphy Company at a cost of $8 million. Simon J. Murphy, William&#39;s father, was a Maine lumberman who had constructed the nearby Murphy Building and began the original Penobscot Building before his death in 1905. William followed in his father&#39;s footsteps, investing in diverse industries including early automobile manufacturers. William H. Murphy backed Henry Ford&#39;s Detroit Automobile Company as well as Ford&#39;s second venture, the Henry Ford Company (reorganized later as Cadillac). Murphy also built the New Penobscot Building as well at the Greater Penobscot Building.</p><br>
<p>The lower six floors of the building are square in plan, and the upper floors are H-shaped, with a series of setbacks starting at the 30th floor which define the silhouette of the top of the building. A 100-foot steel mast sits atop the building. Lighting at night accentuates the shape. The base of the building is clad in grey granite, and the walls above are limestone. Art Deco detailing is scattered throughout the building.</p><br>
<p>The Greater Penobscot is the last and largest of the three Penobscot Buildings, and, at 557 feet, was for a brief time the fourth-tallest building in the world. Even so, for fifty years, until the 1977 Renaissance Center was built, the Penobscot was the tallest building in Detroit. In the 1920s, the building housed the offices of the Guardian Detroit Group, along with their subsidiary banking interests. In the 1930s and 40s, Manufacturer&#39;s National Bank of Detroit occupied second-floor space. In the new millennium, the Penobscot stands as a state of the art class-A office building and serves as a hub for the city&#39;s wireless Internet zone and fiber-optic communication network.</p><br>
<h3>New Penobscot Building (140–150 W. Congress) (1916)</h3><br>
<p>The New Penobscot Building, a 24-story, flat-roofed building, designed in 1916 by Donaldson and Meier as a second phase of the next-door Penobscot Building. The New Penobscot fronts on West Congress and extends rearward to meet the original Penobscot Building at the alley. The New Penobscot features a Renaissance-inspired theme, with the lower five stories faced with grey granite, and the upper section faced with lighter terra cotta and ashlar. The lower section of the facade contains broad triple windows; the upper part has pairs of double-hung windows. The top four stories are separated from the lower floors by a band of terra cotta with blind reliefs. The entrance is flanked by retail shop windows, and more retail shops are located in the first-floor interior.</p><br>
<h3>Penobscot Building (131 W. Fort) (1906)</h3><br>
<p>The Penobscot Building on Fort Street is a thirteen-story office tower of brick, terra cotta, and limestone with a flat roof, in 1905–1906 and designed by Donaldson and Meier. This building was the first of three interconnected Penobscot Buildings constructed for William H. Murphy of the Simon J. Murphy Company. The lower three stories of the building are faced in limestone, the middle seven in brick, and the upper three in terra cotta. The facade is divided into five bays, each with a pair of double-hung windows. Corinthian column piers front the eleventh and twelfth stories, and the original building cornice is still in place. The original tenants of the first floor were the Detroit Savings Bank and the Detroit Trust Company.</p><br>
<h3>State Savings Bank Building (151 W. Fort) (1900)</h3><br>
<p>The State Savings Bank is a -story steel-framed, hipped-roof bank building faced with marble. The structure was built in two portions: the front half of the building was constructed in 1900 and designed by McKim, Mead, and White, and the rear addition was constructed in 1914 by Donaldson and Meier. The merged banks used this structure as their headquarters, but by 1914 had outgrown the space, necessitating the construction of the rear addition.</p><br>
<p>The front facade is divided into three bays, with a center entrance sheltered by an Ionic portico. An aluminum clock-face is set into the building wall above the entrance. A continuous modillion cornice runs along the top of the building, with a balustrade concealing the low hipped roof. Bronze window units are set in large arched window openings. The interior includes finely crafted Roman arched colonnades with bronze grill work as well as gold-leaf detail on the ceiling in the main room.</p><br>
<p>The State Savings Bank failed in 1933, and the building was subsequently used by Manufacturer&#39;s National Bank of Detroit, and other commercial interests.</p><br>
<h3>Bankers Trust Company Building (205 W. Congress) (1925)</h3><br>
<p>The Bankers Trust Company Building is a two-story steel-frame building designed in 1925 by Wirt C. Rowland, chief architect for Smith, Hinchman, and Grylls. Bankers Trust Company was founded in 1917, with offices down the street on Congress before constructing this building.</p><br>
<h3>Merrill Lynch Building (555 Shelby) (1960)</h3><br>
<p>The Merrill Lynch Building is a three-story commercial building with steel frame and plate glass windows. The building was constructed in 1960 in the International Style, as an annex to the nearby Banker&#39;s Trust Company Building, which at the time housed a Merrill Lynch brokerage.</p><br>
<h3>Marquette Building (243 W. Congress) (1906)</h3><br>
<p>The Marquette Building was originally constructed in 1906 for businessman Simon J. Murphy; substantial renovations were performed in 1916. The building is a ten-story steel-framed office building with a flat roof and faced with red brick, fronting on Congress Street and Washington Boulevard. Cast stone is placed at the base of the building, and bands of terra cotta separate the second and third, and the third and fourth floors. "Marquette Building" is applied in metal letters above the main doors.</p><br>
<h3>US Mortgage Bond Building (607 Shelby) (1925)</h3><br>
<p>The US Mortgage Bond Building is a nine-story office building faced with gray limestone and brick. The building was constructed in 1924-25 for the United States Mortgage Bond Company, organized ten years earlier in 1915. The design mixes Italian palazzo, Neoclassical, and Renaissance Revival influences. The lower three stories of the building are finished in broad courses of limestone; the upper floors, finished in smoother limestone, are separated from the lower by a cornice. There are five window bays on the Shelby facade and six on the Congress facade. At some point in the middle 20th century, a pedestrian bridge was built connecting the building to the State Savings Bank across the street.</p><br>
<h3>Detroit Fire and Marine Insurance Company Building (625 Shelby) (1912)</h3><br>
<p>The Detroit Fire and Marine Insurance Company Building is a two-story limestone and brick bank building constructed in 1912. The Detroit Fire and Marine Insurance Company was established in 1866.</p><br>
<p>The facade of this building has four Ionic columns, plus a half-column at each end. The main entrance is between the two central columns, and the window areas between the columns are now filled with dark glass. An entablature, cornice, and balustrade span the top of the building.</p><br>
<h3>220 W. Congress (1920)</h3><br>
<p>The building at 220 W Congress is a steel, five-story office building built in 1920. It was completely renovated in 1970, adding a front facade of blue- and cream-colored steel with dark glass. In 2017–2020, the building went through a major renovation that included gutting the building and providing a lot of core and shell build outs. Venture X Detroit - Financial District, a private office, flex space, coworking business, leases three of the five floors with its Class A build out.</p><br>
<h3>Detroit Trust Company Building (201 W. Fort) (1915)</h3><br>
<p>The Detroit Trust Company Building is a -story steel-framed bank building originally constructed in 1915 by Albert Kahn. The Detroit Trust Company was founded in 1900; it occupied space in the nearby Penobscot Building before moving into this building. In 1925, Kahn designed a substantial addition, tripling the frontage on Fort Street.</p><br>
<p>The building is Neoclassical in design, with eight Corinthian pillars and four similar pilasters arranged across the facade. Kahn&#39;s design for this building was influenced by McKim, Mead, and White&#39;s nearby State Savings Bank. A series of windows interspersed by plaques with foliated details are set in the attic story. The building was modernized in 1964, and the front section between the columns was rebuilt.</p><br>
<p>The Detroit Trust Company merged with Detroit Bank in the 1950s to form the Detroit Bank and Trust Company, and built the next-door tower at 211 W. Fort. The company changed its name to Comerica Bank in 1982; this building is still an office of Comerica.</p><br>
<h3>Detroit Bank and Trust Tower (211 W. Fort) (1963)</h3><br>
<p>The Detroit Bank and Trust Tower is a steel-frame 28-story tower designed in 1963 by Harley, Ellington, Cowan, and Stirton for Detroit Bank and Trust (now Comerica Bank). The pre-cast concrete forms filled with glass give the building a grid-like appearance. This building does not contribute to the district, but only because it is less than 50 years old.</p><br>
<h3>Chrysler House (719 Griswold) (1912)</h3><br>
<p>The landmark Neoclassical skyscraper that has become the Chrysler House was built in 1912 by D. H. Burnham & Company. The building is a 23-story flat-roofed skyscraper with a U-shaped footprint, with the open end toward Griswold Street. The Dime Savings Bank, as it was originally known, was organized in 1884 by a group of Detroit businessmen including J. L. Hudson and James E. Scripps; their offices were originally on Griswold north of Lafayette. They later moved to the Hammond Building, where they stayed until this structure was built.</p><br>
<p>The most notable feature of the facade is the light well along the front facade; unlike Burhham&#39;s nearby Ford Buildings where the well is invisible from the front, the light well of the Dime Building faces Griswold. The lower two floors of the building are clad in brown granite that was applied during a 1950s renovation; the upper floors are clad in the original terra cotta. The upper three stories are differeintialed from the main body of the building by a different window treatment. The building that has become Chrysler House was fully renovated in 2002, including an impressive treatment of the skylight opening up to the light well.</p><br>
<p>The Dime Savings Bank originally occupied a three-story banking room in the center of the building and used the upper floors for office space.</p><br>
<h3>Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Detroit Branch Building (160 W. Fort) (1923)</h3><br>
<p>The Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Detroit Branch consists of two parts: a -story Neoclassical marble bank building built in 1923 and an eight-story International style annex built in 1949–1951. The original building was designed by Graham, Anderson, Probst, & White; the addition (and later renovation) was done by Minoru Yamasaki. Yamasaki&#39;s bold addition was on the leading edge of Modern architecture.</p><br>
<p>The floor plates of the two buildings are aligned, as the interior of the original building was gutted with the annex was built.</p><br>
<h3>Security Trust Company Building (735 Griswold) (1925)</h3><br>
<p>The Security Trust Company is a seven-story bank building with a steel frame faced with limestone. The building was designed by Albert Kahn and erected in 1925.</p><br>
<p>The front facade has columns flanking three four-story tall arches. The columns are finished with elaborately carved human and animal motifs. In 1964, the original gable atop the building was removed and a two-story flat-roofed addition was placed atop the building. The addition is clad with cast concrete panels.</p><br>
<h3>First State Bank Building (751 Griswold) (1925)</h3><br>
<p>The First State Bank Building is a four-story, flat-roofed bank building with a steel frame faced with limestone. The building was designed by Albert Kahn and erected in 1924–25. First State Bank began life in 1871 as the "German American Bank" with offices on Larned; the bank moved at least twice more before building this structure.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance of the building is surrounded with carved marble depicting urns, animals, and foliage. The building is located at the corner of Griswold and Lafayette Streets, and has decorative facades facing both streets. Each facade has three-story Ionic columns supporting the attic story, on the upper story, double-hung windows are grouped in pairs, separated by elaborate plaques. A parapet runs across the roofline.</p><br>
<h3>Theodore Levin United States Courthouse (231 W. Lafayette) (1934)</h3><br>
<p>The Theodore Levin United States Courthouse is a ten-story federal courthouse, steel-framed and clad in limestone. The building was constructed in 1932–34, and designed by Branson V. Gambler and Robert O. Derrick. It stands on an entire city block. The building stands on a black granite base, and relief carvings of eagles and other symbols are above the entrance. The upper three stories are set back slightly from the remainder of the building. The interior of the building features fine detailing and plaster stencilwork.</p><br>
<h3>Detroit Free Press Building (321 W. Lafayette) (1925)</h3><br>
<p>The Detroit Free Press Building is a fourteen-story flat-roofed building with a steel frame faced with limestone. The building was designed by Albert Kahn and erected in 1925. The building is designed using the then-popular technique of a central mass with six-story wings to each side. On the exterior, medallions inset into the building depict historical newsmen. A restaurant and other retail spaces are located on the Lafayette Boulevard facade.</p><br>
<p>Black River Canal Warehouse is a historic canal warehouse building located at Boonville in Oneida County, New York. It was built in 1850 and is a -story, rectangular, wood-frame building, 28 feet by 40 feet with a gable roof. It was built as a warehouse on the Black River Canal and used as such until the canal was abandoned in 1924. It is now in use as a hands-on exhibit for the Boonville Black River Canal Museum.</p><br>
<p>See also:</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>The building is now home to a hands-on exhibit center for the Boonville Black River Canal Museum.</p><br>
<p>The R. N. Linn House, also known as the Robert A. and Eleanor C. Nordyke Residence, at 2013 Kakela Drive in Honolulu, Hawaii, was built in 1928 in the style of architecture then emerging in Hawaii during the 1920s. Although it is relatively modest cottage, it exhibits such typical elements of that style as a double-pitched hip roof , exposed rafters, casement windows, an open floor plan, Chinese interior motifs, and a panoramic view. Its architect was J. Alvin Shadinger, who was noted especially for his interior designs. The house was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Many of the leading architects in Honolulu during the 1920s consciously employed both European and Asian motifs in their designs, as they pursued a distinctive Hawaiian style of architecture that celebrated the multiethnic roots of Island society. Among the most influential was Hart Wood, whose artful blending of motifs can still be seen in the First Chinese Church of Christ, the Alexander & Baldwin Building, and the Gump Building (all built in 1929), as well as in several grand private residences. The R. N. Linn house is one of the few fine middle-class homes from that period to show similar Chinese influences.</p><br>
<p>Reuben N. Linn was a court reporter and his wife Merle taught at Waialua Elementary School. They had acquired a lot of Chinese household furniture during a trip to China in 1922, and this likely influenced their choice of interior design. They lived in the house until 1950, when Mrs. Linn died. The Nordykes, who were friends of the Linns, bought the house in 1960. In 1961, Mrs. Nordyke gave birth to twin daughters in the same maternity ward at Kapi&#39;olani Medical Center for Women & Children where Ann Dunham was giving birth to Barack Obama. The twins were classmates of the future President at Noelani Elementary School and then at Punahou School.</p><br>
<p>Pleasant Valley Grange Hall is a historic Grange Hall located in the hamlet of Pleasant Valley, which is in the town of Sangerfield in Oneida County, New York. It was built about 1830 as a farmhouse. It consists of a rectangular, -story, gable-roofed limestone main block with a 1-story service wing. There is also a 1-story gable-roofed frame wing. It has been used as a Grange Hall since 1922.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Belle Mont is a historic Jeffersonian-style plantation house near Tuscumbia in Colbert County, Alabama, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 23, 1982, due to its architectural significance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Belle Mont was built between 1828 and 1832 for Dr. Alexander W. Mitchell, a native of Virginia. Mitchell, a graduate of the University of Edinburgh, was also one of the first large-scale planters and slaveholders in the area. Mitchell sold the 1,680 acre plantation to another Virginia native, Isaac Winston, in 1833. It remained in the Winston family until 1941. The house and 33 acre were donated to the Alabama Historical Commission in 1983. It has been undergoing a phased restoration since that time and is currently operated as a historic house museum.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Considered by architectural scholars to be a clear example of Thomas Jefferson&#39;s influence upon the architecture of the early United States, Belle Mont is one of only a few surviving examples of Jeffersonian architecture in the Deep South. Built in red brick, it features a raised, two story central section with flanking one-story wings. The side wings project toward the rear in a U-shape, forming a semi-enclosed rear courtyard.</p><br>
<p>Fort Van Meter — or Fort VanMeter — is a mid-18th century frontier fort in the South Branch Potomac River Valley about 9 mi southwest of Romney in Hampshire County, West Virginia, USA. It is located 15 mi northeast of Moorefield and about a mile northeast of the former community of Glebe at the northern end of the rugged river gorge known as The Trough.</p><br>
<p>Fort Van Meter, a small rectangular stone building erected around 1754 for the protection of white settlers against hostile Indians of the Delaware and Shawnee tribes, is still standing and has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) since 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Fort Van Meter is a small rectangular building constructed of uncoursed local stone and surmounted by a pitched and side-gabled roof. (The roof&#39;s presently exposed rafters and cedar shake shingles were reconstructed in 1987.) Its floor measures about 19.6 feet by 13.8 feet. The walls are about 15 inches thick and feature several firing ports (loopholes) to allow defense of the fort by musket fire. (These are about 6-12 inches high and 2-3 inches wide.)</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>About 10 years prior to the forts construction, the area approximately 8 miles upstream (the southern end of "The Trough") known as "Indian Old Fields" had been settled by Isaac Van Meter (ca. 1696–1757), his wife Annetje Wynkoop, and their four children. This Dutch-American family constructed a fortified log residence there in 1744. The earliest documents related to the land on which Fort Van Meter was constructed date to 11 June 1749 when Thomas, Lord Fairfax conveyed "Lot 2" (consisting of 405 acres) to Henry Van Meter (probably Isaacs son).</p><br>
<p>By about 1754, two years before the open outbreak of hostilities known as the French and Indian War, the family felt it necessary to build the stronger structure downstream at what came to be called Fort Van Meter. (Somewhat confusingly, the upstream settlement — known as Fort Pleasant and also listed on the NRHP since 1973 — was also long known as "Fort Van Meter". Nothing remains of the elaborate wooden stockade and blockhouse at Fort Pleasant.) These structures were part of a long chain of fortifications built along the frontier of the Allegheny Mountains at that time, and especially after 1756. Fort Van Meter was relatively small among these and was never garrisoned by Colonel George Washington&#39;s Virginia Regiment as there would have been no barracks to accommodate troops. However, unlike most of the others, which were wooden, it was made of stone and so has survived relatively intact to the present day.</p><br>
<p>Fort Van Meter may have been built by a skilled local mason named Nathaniel Kuykendall and his son Isaac, who are known to have been active in the South Branch River valley at the time. During later and more peaceful days, the fort was used to salt and store meat. The property passed to an Abraham Van Meter in 1804, but finally passed out of the family altogether when it was sold in 1833. Fort Van Meter is one of five significant Van Meter family dwellings that survive today; the others are Fort Pleasant, Traveler&#39;s Rest, Garrett VanMeter House, and Buena Vista Farms.</p><br>
<p>Tower Homestead and Masonic Temple, also known as Harding Residence and Masonic Temple, is a historic home and Masonic Temple located at Waterville in Oneida County, New York. The house is an 85 by residence and consists of three attached sections: a central Greek Revival style, two-story central section built in 1830; an older Federal-style wing built about 1800; and a west wing built in 1910 by Charlemagne Tower, Jr. The homestead also includes a small brick building built as a law office by Charlemagne Tower and later used as a schoolhouse, a barn, two horse barns, the old gardener&#39;s house, a small bathhouse, two modern garages, and a modern nursing home . The Masonic Lodge building was built in 1896 by Reuben Tower II as an office. It was later purchased by a local Masonic Lodge and used as a meeting hall. It features a 103 ft, three-stage tower.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>The John C. Hieber Building is a historic commercial building located at Utica in Oneida County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1893, and is a five-story, rectangular, flat-roofed, red brick structure, 60 feet by 100 feet, with a random ashlar stone foundation. It was designed by Utica architect Frederick H. Gouge as a combined sales and warehouse facility.</p><br>
<p>The building was owned by the Utica Childrens Museum from 1979 to 2020, when Robert Esches development company Mohawk Valley Garden bought the building, and the museum relocated. The first floor is now occupied by a restaurant.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 24, 2007.</p><br>
<p>Neck "Canal" of 1730 is a historic navigation channel located at Marcy in Oneida County, New York. It comprised the extant remains of a "canal" dug in 1730 to improve navigation along the Mohawk River. It was a short, hand dug channel cut across one of the many oxbows that once characterized the river in the 18th and 19th century. The channel was three feet deep, 20 feet wide, and 200 feet long.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>US Post Office-Boonville is a historic post office building located at Boonville in Oneida County, New York, United States. It was designed and built in 1937, and is one of a number of post offices in New York State designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department, Louis A. Simon. It is a one-story, five bay building with a poured concrete foundation and brick facades in the Colonial Revival style. It features a hipped roof surmounted by an octagonal cupola with metal window tracery and an iron weathervane. The interior features a mural painted by the McCullough sisters of New York City depicting a 19th-century scene on the Black River Canal. It is a contributing structure within the Boonville Historic District.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Centre Village Meeting House  is a historic meeting house  on New Hampshire Route 4A in Enfield Center, New Hampshire. Built in 1836, it is a well-preserved late example of Federal period church architecture, albeit with some Greek Revival stylistic elements. Then as now, it serves as a nondenominational building, serving a variety of small Christian congregations. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Centre Village Meeting House is located in the village of Enfield Center, a linear village extending along NH 4A near the geographic center of the town of Enfield. It is located on the north side of the road, oriented with its gable end facing the street. It is 1½ stories in height, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. A gabled entry vestibule shelters the main entrances, which are set in the main wall recessed behind a wide rectangular opening trimmed with pilasters. The vestibule gable and main gable are both pedimented, and a three-stage square tower rises to an octagonal open cupola. The interior is simply finished, with slip pews and a Victorian-era arrangement of furnishings on the main dais.</p><br>
<p>The church was built in 1836 by local workmen, whose work was probably inspired by Asher Benjamins 1797 A Country Builders Assistant. The design was embellished, however, with Greek Revival details, and also simplified in some ways in the interest of economy. The building was paid for by the subscription purchase of pews, and was used for interdenominational worship, because no single denomination (Congregationalist, Methodist, and Unitarian) held a controlling number of pews. The tower bell was acquired in 1870, funded by a special subscription. The building is little altered since its construction.</p><br>
<p>The Bath Covered Bridge is a historic covered bridge over the Ammonoosuc River off US 302 and NH 10 in Bath, New Hampshire. Built in 1832, it is one of the state&#39;s oldest surviving covered bridges. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976, and underwent a major rehabilitation in the 2010s.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Bath Covered Bridge is located on the west side of the village center of Bath, carrying West Bath Road over the Ammonoosuc River. The bridge has a total length of over 390 ft and a roadbed that is just over 22 ft wide. The bridge consists of four spans supported by Burr trusses, resting on stone piers and abutments, and is finished with vertical board siding. When originally built, it had only three spans, but when the bridge was raised in the 1920s, a third pier was added, as were laminated arches to strengthen the bridge.</p><br>
<p>The bridge is the fifth to stand on this site, where a bridge has stood since at least 1794. That bridge was washed away by flooding in 1806, as were subsequent bridges in 1820 and 1826. The fourth bridge was destroyed by fire in 1830. The bridge serves a primarily rural residential population, and sees relatively little traffic. for safety, structural, and cosmetic reasons. After 21 months and $3 million in repairs, it re-opened in August 2014.</p><br>
<p>The Great Hollow Road Stone Arch Bridge  is a historic stone arch bridge carrying Great Hollow Road over Mink Brook in Hanover, New Hampshire. Built by the town in 1914, it is one of two stone bridges in the town, and a finely crafted and little-altered example of stone masonry of the period. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Great Hollow Road Stone Arch Bridge is located in a rural area of central Hanover, carrying Great Hollow Road over Mink Brook a short way south of its junction with Etna and Greensboro roads. It is 33 ft long and 24.5 ft wide, with a road width of 21.5 ft. The vault of the stone arch is 24.5 feet in width and 28 ft long, and is constructed of mortared rubble stone lined with ashlar voussoirs. The stonework has been topped by six inches of concrete, which is believed to be a later addition intended to protect the stonework from the elements. The roadway is flanked by low stone guard walls.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was built in 1914, at a time when the town was seeking to replace aging wooden bridges with new bridges that would better withstand the increased loads of the automobile era. This crossing formed an important link in the main transport route connecting downtown Hanover and the village of Etna, which is a short way to the northeast, to Lebanon to the south. Stone for this bridge and another on West Lebanon Road was donated by Dartmouth College; it came from the stone foundation of a building on North Main Street that was demolished. The West Lebanon Road bridge was demolished when that road was straightened and realigned to handle a higher volume of traffic; this bridge escaped that fate due to changing traffic patterns, which make the route no longer as important as it was at the time of its construction.</p><br>
<p>The Haverhill–Bath Covered Bridge is a historic covered bridge over the Ammonoosuc River joining Bath and Woodsville, New Hampshire. Formerly used to carry New Hampshire Route 135, the bridge was idled in 1999. Restored in 2004, it is now open to foot traffic only. It is believed to be the oldest covered bridge in the state.</p><br>
<p>The Haverhill–Bath Bridge is located in the northwestern corner of the town of Haverhill, connecting the village of Woodsville to a rural area in the southwestern corner of Bath. The bridge was built in 1829 with funding provided by both towns. It was built by Moses Abbott and Leonard Walker after Airel Miner, the first choice to supervise the construction, stepped down. The bridge is a Town lattice truss bridge with two spans, resting on stone and concrete abutments, and a stone pier. The road bed is 256 ft long and 14 ft wide, and the roof is 277 ft long, covering not just the bridge but also framed entrances on both sides. There is a sidewalk (not part of the original construction) on the east (upstream) side of the bridge that is 6 ft wide. The roof on that side is extended over the sidewalk, giving the roof profile that of a saltbox house. The downstream side is finished in vertical board siding, with diamond openings spaced along its length and two larger rectangular openings near the ends.</p><br>
<p>The bridge has survived a number of floods, most notably in 1927, when the lattice work was pierced by a tree trunk, and a barn was carried into the structure. It has been renovated multiple times, most recently in 2004. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. It is commemorated by New Hampshire Historical Marker No. 190.</p><br>
<p>The Swiftwater Covered Bridge is a historic covered bridge which carries Porter Road over the Wild Ammonoosuc River in Bath, New Hampshire. Built in 1849, it is one of New Hampshire&#39;s few surviving 19th-century covered bridges, and a well-preserved example of the Paddleford truss design. The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Swiftwater Covered Bridge is located in southeastern Bath, carrying Porter Road over the Wild Ammonoosuc River just north of New Hampshire Route 112. It is a locally distinctive single-span Paddleford truss design, with laminated arches and steel beam reinforcements added in the 20th century. The bridge has an overall length of 1738" and two clear spans of 776" and 576". The roadbed is 146" wide, with a vertical clearance of 12&#39;9". It rests on lightly-mortared split granite abutments topped with concrete footings. The roof is made of corrugated metal, and the sides are sheathed in vertical planking to a height of eight feet, leaving an exposed area above. Its portals are also covered in vertical planking, but do not extend all the way to the ground.</p><br>
<p>The bridge, the fourth on the site, was built in 1849; the first two bridges, dating back to 1810, were washed away by floods. It was probably built under the auspices of Joseph Fifield and John Carbee, town officials responsible for its highways and bridges. Its design, an unpatented truss by New Hampshire native Peter Paddleford, may have been used due to local connections with Paddleford associates. The bridge is said to have survived the use of explosives to clear logjams in the area.</p><br>
<p>The Daniel E. Krause Stone Barn, also known as the Chase Stone Barn, is a historic barn in the town of Chase in Oconto County, Wisconsin, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Construction details</h2><br>
<p>Like many other barns, it was built of fieldstone, but in a unique fashion: its walls are more thoroughly stonework than most stone barns, and its massive arch entrances are large enough to permit the passage of large hay wagons through both ends.</p><br>
<h2>Repair work</h2><br>
<p>Seventeen years after its erection, the barn and the rest of its farm were sold by the Krause family in 1920. It had eleven owners between Krause&#39;s retirement in 1920 and 1954. During the mid-1950s, the property was purchased by two brothers, who operated the farm into the 21st century and oversaw significant repair work in the 1990s. By this time, the barn had experienced gradual structural deterioration and experienced a 1994 tornado. Accordingly, workers carried out a strengthening and refurbishing process in 1995, which included the removal of a small amount of stonework, its replacement by concrete, and the addition of large beams to strengthen the sagging walls.</p><br>
<h2>National Register of Historic Places</h2><br>
<p>In 2000, the Krause Barn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its architectural significance. In 2009, the Krause Barn was nominated to be on America&#39;s 11 Most Endangered Places 2009 list.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>Seeing it as a significant local landmark, local preservationists have concentrated on ensuring the survival of the barn: the town has purchased the barn, and after raising money to continue maintenance, there are plans to convert the barn and barnyard into a park and possibly a museum. The stable area is planned to have a "rustic agriculture museum" with displays on farming techniques from circa 1900 and antique farm equipment. Other plans include a stone bridge over a creek, a stone walk path, and a historic general store.</p><br>
<p>The Hildebrand Mill on Flint Creek in Colcord, Delaware County, Oklahoma was built c. 1845 and served hill people of the Old Cherokee Nation territory for more than 125 years. It is located not far from Siloam Springs, Arkansas. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>The original millrace was 4 ft by 4 ft in dimension and poured onto an overshot wheel. It was expanded to a 8 ft by 8 ft flume that ran 300 ft and powered a turbine.</p><br>
<p>It served as a lumber mill and as a grist mill, and it was used during the American Civil War in support of the commissaries of both the North and the South. Hildebrand and Proctor families feuded in the area.</p><br>
<p>The current building was built in 1907. Its last operation by water power was to mill grain, up to 1935. By gas-powered motor, it was used to cut lumber up to 1967.</p><br>
<p>The Grace Cooke House, also known as the Harold St. John Residence, at 2365 Oahu Avenue in Honolulu, Hawaii, is significant both for its American Craftsman bungalow architecture and landscaping and for its most famous resident, Harold St. John, a distinguished professor of botany at the University of Hawaii. The house and lot were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, by which time St. John was living in a separate small cottage to the rear of the lot.</p><br>
<p>The craftsmanship orientation of the period can also be seen in the landscaping, in particular the integration of the bluestone steps up to the front porch, the lava rock foundation, and the natural rock outcrop on which the house sits. The spacious porch wraps around the right side of the house, balanced by a gable-roofed wing on the left. The rest of the house has a shingled hip roof. Finely crafted exposed rafters embellish both the hip and gable roofs, decorative shingle patterns adorn the exterior walls, windows, and porch columns, and a simple balustrade lines the porch.</p><br>
<p>Two sets of double doors lead from the porch into the interior, with bedrooms and bath on the left and a large open living and dining area on the right, with paneled walls and coffered ceilings. The kitchen is off the dining area to the right, and a basement originally served as a maid&#39;s quarters. The attic was partly finished and two dormers were added by St. John during the 1930s. The remainder of the house is unaltered.</p><br>
<p>The lot also has some striking mature trees in the front yard, including two Royal Poinciana (Delonix regia) beside the driveway, a West Indian mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni), and a huge Sandbox tree (Hura crepitans)</p><br>
<p>Makawao Union Church is a church near Makawao on the Hawaiian island of Maui. It was founded by New England missionary Jonathan Smith Green during the Kingdom of Hawaii. The third historic structure used by the congregation was designed by noted local architect C.W. Dickey and dedicated in 1917 as the Henry Perrine Baldwin Memorial Church. In 1985, Makawao Union Church was placed on the Hawaii and National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Wood-framed church</h2><br>
<p>In 1870, Henry Perrine Baldwin his wife, Emily Alexander Baldwin, and their children joined the church. Henry served as organist for over forty years. Baldwin and his brother-in-law became wealthy co-founders of Alexander & Baldwin.</p><br>
<p>On January 5, 1878, Rev. Green died; Asenath Green would maintain the church until she died in 1894, and then daughters Mary and Laura.</p><br>
<p>His son Joseph Porter Green (1833–1886) served at the church, and was elected to the legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1860.</p><br>
<p>In 1888, Baldwin offered the church a site for a new building, on the foundation of the former Paliuli Sugar Mill near what is now called Rainbow Gulch and Rainbow County Park. The mill was named for Pali uli (literally "green cliff"), the place in Hawaiian mythology roughly equivalent to the garden of Eden.</p><br>
<p>This church, a New England style white frame structure, was dedicated on March 10, 1889. The Pāia Community House, finished in hardwood on the inside, was built in 1914 adjacent to the church. The Community House, with its large auditorium and 40 ft deep stage was used for plays, operettas, school graduations, concerts, lectures, silent movies and dances. The site of the old church, 20&deg;51&prime;42&Prime;N latitude, 156&deg;18&prime;46&Prime;W longitude became the cemetery. Later the Maui Veteran&#39;s Cemetery was built adjacent to the church cemetery.</p><br>
<p>A native Hawaiian pastor John Kalama served at both Makawao and Pookela until his death in 1896. The original building stood until about 1900.</p><br>
<p>The "Daily Bulletin Newspaper, Honolulu Oct 2, 1889 pg3 Announced the purchase of a new pipe organ built for the church, by the NY firm of Roosevelt. A small organ of one manual/pedal & 6 speaking stops. This being purchased, by Baldwin while he was in New York, he paid a visit to the organ Company.</p><br>
<h2>Stone church</h2><br>
<p>The frame church was razed in 1916 and construction began immediately on a new Gothic Revival style structure. The new building was designed by architect Charles William Dickey (1871–1942), whose mother was Emily Baldwin&#39;s sister.</p><br>
<p>It has been called "one of his more outstanding works." The stone church was dedicated September 2, 1917. It was about the same size as the frame building, and also used the original Paliuli Mill foundation. Henry Alexander Baldwin (known as "Harry"), Henry Perrines son, was featured speaker, along with William Hyde Rice. The organ was donated in the memory of Harry Baldwins sons Jared Smith Baldwin (1889–1914) and Leslie Alexander Baldwin (1898–1901).</p><br>
<p>The walls were built of reinforced concrete with native basalt lava rock veneer. The roof was covered in slate from Vermont. Four stained glass windows and the bell were reused from the old building. A Seth Thomas clock has three faces on the Norman style tower. The main entry is through oak doors in the tower.</p><br>
<p>Austin Craig Bowdish was pastor at the dedication. Augustine Jones became pastor in 1921. The 1938 Maui earthquake damaged the community house, but not the stone church.</p><br>
<p>On June 29, 1985, Makawao Union Church was placed on the Hawaii Register of Historic Places as site 50-05-1610, and December 17, 1985, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Hawaii as site 85003227.</p><br>
<p>It now calls itself an "interdenominational, community church with Congregational heritage".</p><br>
<p>the pastor was Rev. Robin Lunn.</p><br>
<p>The road past the church was named Baldwin Avenue for the Baldwin family.</p><br>
<p>It is located at 1445 Baldwin Avenue, Makawao, Hawaii, 20&deg;53&prime;32&Prime;N latitude, 156&deg;21&prime;3&Prime;W longitude.</p><br>
<h2>Burials</h2><br>
<p>The church cemetery is located 3.9 miles southeast of the church, in the 3300 block of Baldwin Avenue (@20.861218,-156.311417.) Notable people buried there include the original missionary family: Theodosia Arnold Green, 1859,</p><br>
<p>Jonathan Smith Green, 1878,</p><br>
<p>and Ansenath Cargill Green, 1894.</p><br>
<p>Harry Baldwin, 1946 was a Republican Politician,</p><br>
<p>Annie Montague Alexander, 1950 an explorer and scientist. Others from the Alexander and Baldwin families are buried in the cemetery.</p><br>
<p>James Dole, 1958 owned the largest pineapple plantation in the world.</p><br>
<p>Anne Alexander, 1940, and Charles Henry Dickey, 1932 were parents of architect Charles William Dickey.</p><br>
<p>The Maui Veteran&#39;s Cemetery, near the church cemetery, holds the graves of two actors:</p><br>
<p>horror movie actress Evelyn Ankers, 1985, and her husband</p><br>
<p>Richard Denning, 1998, of Hawaii Five-O.</p><br>
<p>Baker Octagon Barn is a historic barn located in Richfield Springs in Otsego County, New York. It was built in 1882, and is a three-story, octagonal wood frame and fieldstone structure. It has a hipped roof and is topped by an octagonal cupola. The barn measures 60 feet in diameter.</p><br>
<p>It is octagonal, which meets the definition of being a round barn.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Boonville Village Historic District is a national historic district located at Boonville in Oneida County, New York. The district includes 74 contributing buildings, two contributing structures, and two contributing sites. It includes a grouping of architecturally significant buildings that front on the triangular intersection created by Main, Post, and East Schuyler streets. Located within the district are the separately listed Erwin Library and Pratt House and US Post Office-Boonville.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Clinton Village Village Historic District is a national historic district located at Clinton in Oneida County, New York. The district includes 144 contributing buildings, two contributing structures, two contributing sites, and six contributing objects.</p><br>
<p>It includes the Clinton Historical Society, a former church building.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Paintsville Public Library Building is a historic building located at 305 Second Street in Paintsville, Kentucky. It was constructed by the WPA in 1934. The library closed in the 1940s and was replaced by the Johnson County Public Library on February 3, 1947, which utilized the building until the 1960s. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 26, 1989. It now serves as the board of education for the Paintsville Independent School District.</p><br>
<p>The Grand Ditch, also known as the Grand River Ditch and originally known as the North Grand River Ditch, is a water diversion project in the Never Summer Mountains, in northern Colorado in the United States. It is 14.3 mi long, 20 ft wide, and 3 ft deep on average. Streams and creeks that flow from the highest peaks of the Never Summer Mountains are diverted into the ditch, which flows over the Continental Divide at La Poudre Pass at 10,175 ft, delivering the water into Long Draw Reservoir and the Cache La Poudre River for eastern plains farmers. The water would otherwise have gone into the Colorado River  that flows west towards the Pacific; instead, the Cache La Poudre River goes East and through the Mississippi River discharges into the Gulf of Mexico.</p><br>
<p>The ditch was started in 1890 and wasn&#39;t completed until 1936. The ditch diverts between 20 and 40% of the runoff from the Never Summer Mountains, and delivers an average of 20,000 acre.ft. It significantly impacts the ecology in the valley below and the National Park Service has fought in court to reduce the amount of diverted water.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Grand Ditch was built by the Larimer County Ditch Company, mostly by Japanese crews, working with hand tools and black powder. The first diverted water flowed east across La Poudre Pass on October 15, 1890. Water Supply and Storage Company took over ownership in 1891. The ditch was extended every year, and reached three miles in 1894.</p><br>
<p>After the creation of Rocky Mountain National Park, increasing demand for water led to the creation of Long Draw Reservoir, and the required land was taken away from the park by Congress in 1923. Long Draw reservoir opened in 1930. The Grand Ditch was then lengthened one more time—this also required an act of Congress since it was now in a national park—to 14.3 mi in September 1936.</p><br>
<p>In May 2003 a section of the ditch breached about 2.4 mi south of La Poudre Pass, causing the water to cascade down the slopes and into the Colorado River. The flood left a visible scar on the mountainside: 20,000 trees were downed and 47,600 cubic yards of debris ended up in the Lulu Creek and the headwaters of the Colorado River. The Water Supply and Storage Company reached a settlement to pay $9 million in damages to Rocky Mountain National Park. Periodic overflows of the ditch, of which the 2003 flood was but one example, has left debris all over the western side of the valley; the eastern side is not affected.</p><br>
<p>The Grand River Ditch was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 29, 1976. It can be hiked starting from the Bowen/Baker Trailhead in Rocky Mountain National Park.</p><br>
<p>The Haidu Mill or Haikū Sugar Mill was a processing factory for sugarcane from 1861 to 1879 on the island of Maui in Hawaii.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The northeastern coast of Maui has a small village named Hai kū which literally means "sharp break" in the Hawaiian language.</p><br>
<p>The Haiku Sugar Company was chartered on November 20, 1858 by the Kingdom of Hawaii. It was one of the first ten companies to go into the sugar business in the Hawaiian Islands. The investors, the Castle & Cooke partnership, contracted with Isaac Adams of Boston and D. M. Weston for a milling machine and boiling house with total cost of US$12,000. The first crop was processed in December 1861. In 1871 Samuel T. Alexander became manager of the mill. He formed Alexander & Baldwin with his partner Henry Perrine Baldwin, and organized an irrigation system from 1876 to 1878 that allowed more steady crops to be grown in more leeward areas of the island. As a result, Haiku Mill was abandoned in 1879.</p><br>
<p>In 1881 Kahului railroad allowed cane to be carried to larger mills near the town of Kahului. In 1905 the Haiku plantation merged with another to become Maui Agricultural Company, and later became the Hawaiian Commercial and Sugar Company division of Alexander & Baldwin with one remaining mill at Puunene. The Haikū area later became a pineapple plantation. The former cannery at 810 Haiku Road is now a shopping center called the Haiku Marketplace.</p><br>
<p>Only the walls of the mill were left standing when it was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 6, 1986 as site 86000189, listed as "Haiku Mill". It is state historic site 50-046-1622.</p><br>
<p>The mill was purchased and restored by Sylvia Hamilton-Kerr and as of 2016 was open for tourism.</p><br>
<p>The Aurora Public Library was first organized by voluntary contributions. When the town was incorporated in 1819 a lot on Fifth Street  was set aside for a public library, but it took time for enough funds to be raised for its establishment.William Elmer Henry: History, condition and management Indiana. Louisiana purchase exposition commission</p><br>
<p>Publisher s.n., 1904 Original from the University of Michigan Digitized Oct 2, 2006 Length 162 pages pages 12-14</p><br>
<p>In 1882 fundraising by the sale of stock in the library property was done in $5 per share for 141 shares, subscribed by 51 people, and the sale of the library lot for another $700 raising $1,405. Non-shareholders could access the library for $1.50 a year.</p><br>
<p>In 1901 the library with its 3,500 volumes and "several current magazines" was transferred to the city, and opened in two "well lighted rooms" in the city building three afternoons and two evenings per week with an annual circulation totaling 11,000. It was funded with a 3 cent tax per $100 in property value ($370 per year) supplemented by donations of books and money. A 1904 account stated that under its board selected by the city council "Aurora now has a good, free, public library operating under a very favorable law and there is no reason why, fostered as it is, it should not fulfill the expectations of the liberal minded founders of the city who planned for a community where culture would be general and where ignorance should have no place."</p><br>
<p>The current Aurora Library building was constructed by the Cincinnati architectural firm of Garber & Woodward in 1913–1914, with a small rear addition designed by the same firm and added in 1923. It is a one-story, "T" plan, Renaissance Revival style red brick building on a raised basement. It has a low hipped roof, round arched openings, and terra cotta ornament.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. It is located in the Downtown Aurora Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Aurora Public Library operates today as the Aurora Public Library District. The Aurora Public Library also serves residents of several surrounding townships and of the nearby city of Lawrenceburg through a reciprocity agreement.</p><br>
<p>The Old McKinley High School is a former high school in Canton, Ohio, built in 1916. It was named for Anna McKinley, the sister of President William McKinley and a Canton teacher</p><br>
<p>for 30 years. The building was first occupied in 1918 with an enrollment of 877. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The school was replaced by the current Canton McKinley High School at 17th St. NW. The old school is now a health care center.</p><br>
<p>Lounsbury House, formerly known as Grovelawn and as the Ridgefield Veterans Memorial Community Center, is a historic house at 316 Main Street in Ridgefield, Connecticut. It is a two-story wood frame Classical Revival-style building that was built in 1895. Its design, by Charles Northrop, was an emulation of the Connecticut State Building exhibited at the 1893 Columbian Exposition, at the request of Governor Phineas C. Lounsbury, who attended the exhibition. It served as his family home. Lounsbury died in 1925, and his heirs gave the house to the town in 1945. The House and classic gardens now serve as a venue for weddings, corporate meetings, art gatherings, festivals and special events.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Five Lock Combine and Locks 37 and 38, Black River Canal is a national historic district located in the Boonville Gorge Park at Boonville in Oneida County, New York. The district includes seven locks of the abandoned Black River Canal, including the five lock combine . The locks are 90 by and could accommodate boats of 70 tons. The original locks were built about 1850 and rebuilt between 1887 and 1900. The canal closed in 1924.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Middle Mill Historic District is a national historic district located at New York Mills in Oneida County, New York. The district includes 31 contributing structures and one contributing site. It consists of a grouping of structures clustered in the vicinity of a large mill complex known as Mill Number 2 or the Middle Mills. In addition to the mill complex, there are two churches, rows of factory workers&#39; housing, and a commercial block.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Squirrel Hill Site is an archaeological site in northeastern Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States. Located in St. Clair Township west of the borough of New Florence, it was once occupied by a large Monongahela village during the pre-contact period.</p><br>
<p>The village site lies on a bluff above the Conemaugh River northwest of Squirrel Hill, an imposing summit immediately southwest of New Florence, for which the site is named. The site has frequently been farmed since European settlement, and the disturbance resulting from plowing has brought up a large number of artifacts; consequently, locals have long been aware of the site&#39;s archaeological potential. A large area of permanently darkened soil suggests that the site was frequently the home of a dense population.</p><br>
<p>Archaeological investigation has determined that the Squirrel Hill Site is the location of one of the largest Monongahela villages in the valley of the Ohio River. Like the similar Johnston Site to the northwest, it was likely composed of a group of circular houses around a central plaza and encircled by a stockade. Objects found at the site include flint tools, pieces of pottery, and a wide range of bone fragments. The presence of human burials is expected, as the Monongahela often buried their dead within their villages.</p><br>
<p>Aside from plowing for agricultural purposes, the site has only rarely been disturbed; a dirt road crosses the property, but it is believed that the range of artifacts below the plow line has seen little damage. Few other Johnston phase Monongahela villages have been so well preserved as the Squirrel Hill Site. Accordingly, it has been seen as a prime potential site for yielding information about the poorly known late prehistoric Johnston phase.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, the Squirrel Hill Site was added to the National Register of Historic Places because of its archaeological value. One acre of the site, including land on both sides of the small dirt road, was included in the area added to the Register.</p><br>
<p>Gansevoort–Bellamy Historic District is a national historic district located at Rome in Oneida County, New York, USA. The district includes ten contributing buildings, two contributing structures and two contributing objects. Located within the district are the former Rome City Hall, USA Post Office, Oneida County Courthouse and St. Peter&#39;s Catholic Church.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Vernon Center Green Historic District is a national historic district located at Vernon in Oneida County, New York. The district is historically significant as a rare surviving example in central New York State of an eighteenth century New England type village green.</p><br>
<p>The district includes three contributing buildings and two contributing structures. They are the village green, early 20th century gazebo, Parkside United Methodist Church and parsonage, and Vernon Center Presbyterian Church. The village green was laid out in 1798, and on May 10, 1822, the contributing landowners signed a deed relinquishing any claim to the land in the 6 acre green "for the purpose of a public square in the now town of Vernon, County of Oneida, State of New York to be & remain solely for public use forever".</p><br>
<p>The gazebo, erected in 1901, is considered "a distinctive example of late Victorian era park architecture."</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Waterville Triangle Historic District is a national historic district located at Waterville in Oneida County, New York. The district includes 59 contributing buildings and encompasses the heart of the village where three streets intersect to form a triangle. It includes buildings with a wide variety of architectural styles and whose worthy historical buildings span the period from 1820 to 1900.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Lower Genesee Street Historic District is a national historic district located at Utica in Oneida County, New York. The district includes 45 contributing buildings and encompasses a collection of commercial and industrial buildings in the north center of the city. The oldest extant buildings in the city are located here, which includes buildings dating from 1830 to 1929.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Utica Parks and Parkway Historic District is a national historic district located at Utica in Oneida County, New York, United States. It consists of four contributing historic elements: a historic right-of-way known as the Memorial Parkway and the three large parks it connects: Roscoe Conkling Park, F.T. Proctor Park, and T.R. Proctor Park. The district includes seven contributing buildings, three contributing sites, 26 contributing structures, and five contributing objects. The park and parkway system was designed between 1908 and 1914 by the firm of Olmsted Brothers Landscape Associates, headed by Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. The Utica Zoo is located in Roscoe Conkling Park.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Thomas Redfield Proctor (May 25, 1844 - July 4, 1920) was a prominent Utica businessman and philanthropist.</p><br>
<p>Thomas R. Proctor High School is also named for him. Proctor purchased about 400 acres of farmland in 1904 and contracted the Olmstead brothers to design a city parks system. Thomas R. Proctor Park and Roscoe Conkling Park opened to the public in 1909. Proctor had also gifted the smaller Watson-Williams Park to the city in 1897, and Horatio Seymour, Addison C. Miller, Truman K. Butler, and J. Thomas Spriggs Parks in 1908.</p><br>
<h2>Frederick T. Proctor Park</h2><br>
<p>Frederick T. Proctor Park is located on the corner of Rutger Street and Culver Avenue. It is considered the “Crown Jewel” of the districts parks as it is the smallest of the three, containing 62 acres of land. The Works Progress Administration contributed in building some of the parks structures; The park includes a lily pond, a butterfly garden, bathhouses and stonework. Many of the trees and flowers in the park were planted by volunteers. The Starch Factory Creek, which is known for its landscape and its woods, flows through T. R. Proctor Park and F. T. Proctor Park. The park hosts the city&#39;s Fourth of July fireworks.</p><br>
<h2>Thomas R. Proctor Park</h2><br>
<p>100 acre</p><br>
<p>Thomas R. Proctor Park is south of F. T. Proctor Park on the corner of Culver Avenue and Welshbush Road. It has 100 acre of land with baseball and soccer fields, basketball courts, a playground and running trail.</p><br>
<h2>Roscoe Conkling Park</h2><br>
<p>Roscoe Conkling Park is located along Oneida Street and the Memorial Parkway totaling up to 625 acres. This was the first park developed by the Proctor brothers in 1909. It was designed to give Utica a pastoral appearance. The park includes the Utica Zoo, Valley View Golf Course, Val Bialas Ski and Sled Chalet, Parkway Recreation Center, John Mott Tennis Courts, South Woods switchback trails and several monuments. Roscoe Conkling Park also has many memorials and statues, including the Eagle Monument.</p><br>
<p>The Utica Zoo is situated on the park&#39;s grounds and features over 200 animals on forty acres of land. The Park also includes the Valley View Golf Course, which was designed by Robert Trent Jones.</p><br>
<p>During the winter, visitors can visit the Val Bialas Ski and Sled Chalet, named for local Olympian ice skater Valentine Bialas. It offers a rope tow, chair lift, night skiing, an ice rink and chalet with a snack bar. During the winter The South Woods Switchback Trails are groomed for cross country skiing.</p><br>
<p>The Parkway Recreation Center, also known as the Edward A. Hanna Recreation Center, contains two modified basketball courts, a playground, weight training station, exercise equipment, walking track, tennis courts, computer room, conference area, and the Utica Sport Hall of Fame. The Recreation Center also accommodates the Utica Boys & Girls Club and the Parkway Senior Center.</p><br>
<h2>Memorial Parkway</h2><br>
<p>The Memorial Parkway is a divided parkway with a wide grassy median for most of its length. East of Mohawk Valley Community College the two sides join, and east of the Utica Armory it becomes Culver Avenue. From west to east, the monuments on the Memorial Parkway are:</p><br>
<p>The Deffenbaugh Site is an archaeological site in southwestern Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States. Located in Nicholson Township west of the borough of Smithfield, it was once occupied by a village of the Monongahela people.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Deffenbaugh Site occupies a saddle between two low hills; its elevation is approximately 1,140 ft, while the hills rise to approximately 1,200 ft. Rising in a valley immediately southeast of the site is a spring that feeds York Run; via Georges Creek, this stream is a tributary of the Monongahela River. Land in the vicinity of the site is a mix of cleared and wooded areas; the site itself is clear of trees.</p><br>
<h2>Profile</h2><br>
<p>Like other Monongahela villages, the Deffenbaugh Site is believed to consist of the remains of circular houses built around a central plaza and surrounded by a defensive stockade. Like many other Monongahela villages, the site occupies a location atop a ridge; this location was likely chosen for its defensive value, as the Monongahela were a warlike people who frequently fought among themselves. The residents may have been related to those of villages excavated in Somerset County to the east, who produced pottery similar to that found at Deffenbaugh. Additionally, the site may be related to other sites in Fayette County; while pottery samples for identification purposes are lacking, it is known that at least two other Monongahela villages occupied hilltops within 4 mi of Deffenbaugh.</p><br>
<h2>Excavations</h2><br>
<p>The first study of the Deffenbaugh Site, published in 1931, reported the excavations of local archaeologist George Fisher, who recorded the discovery of bone beads and the burial of a child. After this minimal investigation, the next work at the site was carried out in the 1960s by Donald Tanner of the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh. His test excavations revealed pottery, bits of bones, and shells, as well as the remnants of a tramway. A further study, conducted in 1980, revealed that the tramway had significantly damaged part of the site. Despite this disturbance, it was rated to be in fine condition overall; because surface mining has disrupted wide areas of Fayette County, sites such as Deffenbaugh are extremely rare and thus of great value.</p><br>
<p>In 1984, the Deffenbaugh Site was added to the National Register of Historic Places for its information-yielding potential.</p><br>
<p>The Fisher site is an archaeological site in northwestern Greene County, Pennsylvania, United States. Located along a tributary of Wheeling Creek in northern Richhill Township, it was once occupied by a Monongahela village. It has been ranked as one of southwestern Pennsylvania&#39;s most important locations for prehistoric preservation.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Fisher site lies in the floodplain of the Enlow Fork,</p><br>
<h2>Profile</h2><br>
<p>Testing has revealed that the village was part of the Drew Phase of the Monongahela; it was the tenth Drew site to be identified. The location of the Fisher site in bottomland distinguishes it from all previously-known Drew sites and most other Monongahela villages; due to the frequent warfare among the Monongahela, their villages were typically built on hilltops.</p><br>
<h2>Excavations</h2><br>
<p>Although property owners had collected surface artifacts at the site since at least the early 1940s, the Fisher site was first observed in 1962 during testing to reveal natural gas wells in the area. Fourteen years passed before an archaeological investigation was conducted at the site; testing conducted by this investigation revealed it to be a Late Woodland village site. A third excavation, carried out much more meticulously than either of the others, was completed shortly before 1981.</p><br>
<p>Nearly 1,100 artifacts were recovered from the test pits of the third excavation, including animal bones, stone tools, and over 500 potsherds of various styles. Among the potsherds were pieces decorated with unusual geometric designs; no other site is known to have produced pottery with these designs.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>Intensive industrialization in the river valleys of southwestern Pennsylvania has likely destroyed most of the region&#39;s Monongahela sites originally located in floodplains. Moreover, it is possible that many unknown sites have been destroyed during the process of surface mining for coal in the region. In contrast to this common situation, the Enlow Fork in the vicinity of the Fisher site is quite undeveloped; only small roads traverse the region, and — unlike in southern Richhill Township — no gas wells operate nearby. The pristine condition of the site and the likelihood that it will yield information about the little-known Drew Phase has led it to be assessed as highly worthy of preservation. In accordance with this goal, the site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Cleveland Athletic Club  was a historic organization founded in 1908. Founding members included Mayor Charles A. Otis, Walter Baker, and Elbert Baker; banker William Parmalee Murray was its first president.</p><br>
<p>In 1911 the organization commissioned a 15-story social club building at 1118 Euclid Avenue, a structure with facilities for its boxing tournaments, office space, a 12-room hotel, a dining room, an eight-lane bowling alley, a basketball court, and many other amenities. Olympic and Hollywood swimmer Johnny Weissmueller broke the record for the 15-yard backstroke in the club&#39;s penthouse pool in 1922.</p><br>
<p>The architect was J. Milton Dyer, who also designed the Cleveland City Hall. Murals in the club were among the first commissions of American muralist William P. Welsh. The building is a contributing property to the city&#39;s Euclid Avenue Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places, and a part of the Nine-Twelve District as designated by the Downtown Cleveland Alliance.</p><br>
<p>The club was in financial difficulty in 2007. It closed its doors permanently on December 31, 2007, because of "sagging membership and financial problems".</p><br>
<p>In 2015, the building was sold for $3.3 million in a sheriff&#39;s sale, with announced plans for its conversion into a residential or mixed-use property. As of early 2020 the building had been extensively renovated into a luxury apartment building called "The Athlon".</p><br>
<p>Another, earlier Cleveland Athletic Club was established in 1890, with early baseball executive Frank Robison as its president. Despite an impressive new headquarters in the former Dodge mansion at 500 Euclid Avenue, and despite a large membership, it appears to have faded after 1895.</p><br>
<p>The Tavern Club is a private social club in the Central neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio, USA. Its home is a building designed by architect J. Milton Dyer in a Northern Renaissance style. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It was also designated as a landmark by the City of Cleveland. Tavern was built at a time when, just a block away, Clevelands Millionaires Row on Euclid Avenue was among the wealthiest neighborhoods in the world, and home to many members.</p><br>
<p>Dyer was a member of the Tavern Club, which was established 1892–93. He designed a building for the group when it moved from a leased property at 968 Prospect Street to its present building on January 1, 1905. Dyers design was inspired by his admiration of the clubhouses of the Heidelberg University dueling societies. "The exterior construction and the traditional interior decor of the building" have remained essentially the same since the clubs beginning.</p><br>
<p>The upstairs originally contained two squash courts and a rackets court. The Tavern Club Invitational, a Professional Squash Doubles tournament, benefits the youth empowerment through squash program, Urban Squash Cleveland.</p><br>
<p>The Euclid Avenue Historic District is a historic district in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States. Established and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002, it comprises 125 acre along Euclid Avenue and parallel streets from Public Square to East 21st Street. In 2007, another 4 acre was added to the district; the boundary increase included buildings exclusively located along parallel streets. it was again enlarged in 2022.</p><br>
<p>Chappell Hill Methodist Church is a historic church on Church Street in Chappell Hill, Texas.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The current Carpenter Gothic church building was constructed in 1901 Heinrich C. Brandt, but the church congregation and its Wesleyan tradition date back to 1849.</p><br>
<p>In 1849, Chappell Hill&#39;s founders, Jacob Haller and Mary Hargrove Haller, dedicated an acre, adjacent to the Chappell Hill Academy, for a church site. Five years earlier the national Methodist Episcopal Church had split into a Northern and Southern conference after being united since the founding of Methodism in America in 1789.</p><br>
<p>The first church building was erected in 1853 and continually served as a house of worship until September 9, 1900, when it was destroyed by the Great Storm of 1900. The present building was constructed in 1901.</p><br>
<p>The two General Conferences, Methodist Episcopal Church (or northern section) and Methodist Episcopal Church, South, remained separate until the 1939 merger of these two denominations plus a third, the Methodist Protestant Church, the resulting church being known as the Methodist Church.</p><br>
<p>On April 23, 1968, the United Methodist Church was created when the Evangelical United Brethren Church and the Methodist Church joined hands at the constituting General Conference in Dallas, Texas. The church continues as an active and growing congregation in the twenty-first century, with a full-time ordained pastor, weekly worship services and faith-based activities almost every day of the week.</p><br>
<p>The church building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
